Characters, Themes and Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay ex

Characters, Themes and Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God Zora Neale Hurston was one of the first widely acclaimed filthy writers to assimilate folk tradition into modern literature and express her interpretations of the black culture throughout her books (Bailey, 175). She was also one of the most influential of black American writers during the twentieth century because she exceeded the barriers of race, conjure up and poverty. Hurstons most acclaimed work is said to be Their Eyes Were Watching God, and has been read, adored, rejected, reviewed, and badgered by many literary critics. In a book rich with imagery and black oral tradition, Zora Neale Hurston tells us of a womans journey that gives the lie to Freuds assertion that the difficult development which leads to femininity seems to exhaust all the possibilities of the individual (Morgan, 163). In this as well as in other of her writings, Hurston expresses many of her opinions of race relations, sexism, and classism t hrough her characters, themes and imagery. The novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God focuses on a character named Janie who is raised by her grandmother on a white plantation in Georgia, and until seeing a photograph of herself, she has always assumed that she is white. She screws her grandmother, but after her grandmothers death, she realizes that she resents her as well. Her grandmother has been strict with her and has taught her that love is obtained only through marriage. Janie feels that her grandmother has taken all of her dreams away. Although she is independent, Janie marries three times. Because of her grandmother she marries Logan Killicks, who works Janie so hard that she decides to leave. Then she meets Joe Star... ...ir Eyes Were Watching God. newfangled York Blooms literary Criticism, 2008. Print.Dawson, Emma J. Waters. Images of the Afro-American female character in Jean Toomers Cane, Zora Neale Hurstons Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Alice Walkers The Color Pur ple. Michigan UMI Dissertation Information Service, 1990. Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Wagvtching God A Novel. New York Perennial Library, 1990. Print Kubitschek, Missy D. Tuh de Horizon and Back The Female Quest in Their Eyes Were Watching God. BALF 17.3 (Fall 1983) 109-15. Morgan Grant, Alice. ed. All About Zora Views and Reviews by Colleagues and Scholars. Florida Four-G Publishers, Inc., 1991. Wall, Cheryl A. Zora Neale Hurston Changing Her Words, American Novelists Revisted Essays in Feminist Criticism. Ed. Fritz Fleischmann, New York G.K. Hall and Co. 1982371-93.

MP3 Player versus Mini iPod :: Compare Comparison Contrast Essays

MP3 Player versus Mini iPodSony is the worlds leading portable entertainment manufacturer, and apple iPod is the about famous MP3 histrion. After Apple introduces their new product mini-iPod, Sony brings in their new MP3 instrumentalist, NW-MS90D. The original iPod is a very successful product, but can it continue to be the best on a smaller device as mini-iPod or Sony will be the best smallest MP3 player? I will compare them with the specifications from their appointed webpage.First of all, we look at their size. Apple mini-iPod size 3.6 by 2.0 by 0.5 inches and weight 3.6 ounces. Sony MP3 player size 1.44 by 1.94 by 0.74 inches and weight 1.9 ounces. The design of mini-iPod is akin to the original iPod but it combines the touch button to the touch wheel and has a smaller backlit screen. It has an aluminum case to resist stains and scratches. It appears to be clear and simple, and it has 5 colors to choose. About Sonys player, it is small enough to hold comfortably into the pa lm of a hand and it has a clip that can carry easily in a pocket or wallet. The case is made by titanium that can prevent scratches and has a let on appearing. Both of them are having the great appearance and a hard case to prevent scratches, they are also small enough to be a comfortable portable player. However, if we think on carrying out, Sony MP3 player will be better, since it is smaller and half the weight than Mini-iPod. It is much better to carry to gym or work out.Then we focus on the memory. Apple mini-iPod is only 1/10 memory of the original iPod but it still have 4GB non-expandable memory. It can store around 1000s 4 transactions songs. Comparably, Sony MP3 player has only 512 MB memory but is expandable. If we compare their battery life, Apple mini-iPod can use 8 hours after every recharge, but Sony MP3 player can provide up to 44 hours continue playback after every recharge. It is very hard to make choice between bigger memory and drawn-out life playback. But if w e consider both of them together, longer battery life is much better. It is a portable device, so longer battery life is better since it is meaning that no frequent recharge. Even mini-iPod has a very large memory but no body can think that there is a battery can have such a long life to play all of the songs.

High School Literature :: essays papers

High School Literature The story Brownies by ZZ Packer could be looked at as a work of literature from certain views, just in the opinion of Prose, the author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read, I do not believe that this story would be looked at as a work of literature. This story does not seem rattling uplifting as Prose would want it to be for a high school reader. Although it is a very interesting story and it holds many important messages slightly our society and culture, it does not hold up to Proses standards as a work of literature.Prose believes that we have locomote to sacrifice complexity for diversity. (Prose, 76) This is exactly why I do not think that Prose would choose this story as a something she would want students to read. The reader is existence squandered on regimens of trash and semi-trash, taught for reasons that have nothing to do with how well the book is written. (Prose, 76) Prose often talks about how stories that are chosen for our soc ietys high school curriculum are not complicated enough. The stories read by students are easy to read, and demand very little thought from the reader. Prose uses row such as transformative, complex, powerful, and profound for the books she believes should be used. These words do not describe the story Brownies by ZZ Packer.Although there are many accurate similes and powerful used language in the story Brownies, the overall point of the story seems very simple for a high school student to pick up on. I do not think it would engender a feeling of deep thought for students, as Prose would want. The story Brownies seems exchangeable it would be easy to analyze. It seems like more of the type of story that would evoke more of a response, which in my opinion would not be greatly valued by Prose. She seems like she would be more interested in having a high school student have to work to analyze a story, than respond about how they felt about a certain piece of writing. Racism is a strong message in the story Brownies. There are two troops of brownies camping in the same area. One of the troops is black girls, and the other is all white girls.

Bao Ninhs Sorrow of War Essay -- Vietnam War Ninh Sorrow War Essays

Bao Ninhs Sorrow of WarWhen we think of the Vietnam War, we think of all the hell and torture that American soldiers went through with pocket-size regard to the Vietnamese and the hardships they endured. Reading the Sorrow of War gave me a clear understanding of the Vietnamese wad and the suffering that the war caused them. The Sorrow of War is unparalleled and powerful in the sense that it is written by a Vietnam army veteran and gives the perspective of the war from a Vietnamese soldier. It is one of the few novels that has habituated the Vietnamese people a voice. In this beautiful novel, Bao Ninh manages to put a face on the other side of the conflict and humanize a people who until now have been viewed as faceless gooks. When it comes to the Vietnam War, we only consider how much pain our country went through and the loss American lives, but forget somewhat how much more the Vietnamese people have suffered and lost. From a global perspective, many readers and ikon viewers worldwide know only about how Americans have suffered and the amount of pain our war veterans have endured as a result of the war. American films such as Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, revelation Now, Thin Red Line, and We Were Soldiers to name a few, are all Vietnam War movies that portray the loss and suffering of American life. The traditional American made movie or novel about Vietnam fails to show the human side of the struggles that the Vietnamese people both from the north and the south went through....

Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Education School Computers

Technology in the ClassroomTechnology is everywhere and use in every part of life. Practically every jobuses some form of engineering science. It is important for students to learn how to use engineeringin localize to get going in this technology-based country. But it is also extremely importantfor students to learn exploitation technology. Technology has the capability of opening allstudents eyes to a humanness of mathematics that they never before could have even began toimagine or understand.The U.S Department of Education is developing a plan, The National EducationTechnology Plan, to mix technology properly into the classroom. The goal of thisplan is to improve student learning and to prepare students for the world we live in today.The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, feels that?America?s successfulness in the 21st century rests largely upon the success ofour education system to equip citizens with the k flatledge and skillsneeded to thrive in our global economy. As g rounding drives economicgrowth, it is incumbent upon us to explore innovative means of improvinglearning and instruction. Education is no longer limited to our early eldit is now a life-long pursuit and we need new systems and tools to meetthis need. We are barely scratching the surface of technology?s potential totransform the steering we learn.?I believe that technology can improve student learning and achievement if usedcorrectly. It can help students to develop the knowledge and skills Rod Paige discusses.sympathy mention math points is essential to being successful in our world. Technologycan put an image to a word problem, a 3-D invent to an equation, a solution to an?impossible? example. There are many things technology can do, a... ...ass notes and assignmentsso that when my students are sick they aren?t held behind. I feel that elevate/teachercommunication is very important, because as a teacher, I cannot follow my studentshome and earn accredited they do their home work. But if a parent sees that their baby?s gradesare suffering in the homework section or if they read on the website there is a homeworkassignment, then they can make sure their child does his/her homework.Technology will help me as a teacher in the future and is helping teachers as theyteach now. As technology changes, hopefully I will be able to incorporate new types oftechnology into my classroom as needed. Students will also become better learners usingtechnology as it is beginning to be more and more incorporated into the classroom.Technology can have a very powerful positive belief on learning as well as teaching. Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Education School ComputersTechnology in the ClassroomTechnology is everywhere and used in every part of life. Practically every jobuses some form of technology. It is important for students to learn how to use technologyin order to function in this technology-based country. But it is also extremely importantfo r students to learn using technology. Technology has the capability of opening allstudents eyes to a world of mathematics that they never before could have even began toimagine or understand.The U.S Department of Education is developing a plan, The National EducationTechnology Plan, to incorporate technology properly into the classroom. The goal of thisplan is to improve student learning and to prepare students for the world we live in today.The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, feels that?America?s prosperity in the 21st century rests largely upon the success ofour education system to equip citizens with the knowledge and skillsneeded to thrive in our global economy. As innovation drives economicgrowth, it is incumbent upon us to explore innovative means of improvinglearning and instruction. Education is no longer limited to our early yearsit is now a life-long pursuit and we need new systems and tools to meetthis need. We are barely scratching the surface of technology?s potentia l totransform the way we learn.?I believe that technology can improve student learning and achievement if usedcorrectly. It can help students to develop the knowledge and skills Rod Paige discusses.Understanding key math points is essential to being successful in our world. Technologycan put an image to a word problem, a 3-D shape to an equation, a solution to an?impossible? example. There are many things technology can do, a... ...ass notes and assignmentsso that when my students are sick they aren?t held behind. I feel that parent/teachercommunication is very important, because as a teacher, I cannot follow my studentshome and make sure they do their homework. But if a parent sees that their child?s gradesare suffering in the homework section or if they read on the website there is a homeworkassignment, then they can make sure their child does his/her homework.Technology will help me as a teacher in the future and is helping teachers as theyteach now. As technology changes, hopef ully I will be able to incorporate new types oftechnology into my classroom as needed. Students will also become better learners usingtechnology as it is beginning to be more and more incorporated into the classroom.Technology can have a very powerful positive effect on learning as well as teaching.

Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Education School Computers

engineering in the classroom applied science is everywhere and used in every part of life. Practically every clienteleuses few form of engine room. It is important for students to fit how to use technologyin order to function in this technology-based country. But it is also extremely importantfor students to learn utilize technology. Technology has the capability of opening allstudents eyes to a world of mathematics that they never before could have even began toimagine or understand.The U.S surgical incision of Education is developing a plan, The National EducationTechnology Plan, to incorporate technology properly into the classroom. The goal of thisplan is to improve student acquirement and to rear students for the world we live in today.The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, feels that?America?s prosperity in the 21st century rests largely upon the success ofour fosterage dodging to equip citizens with the knowledge and skillsneeded to thrive in our global economy. As i nnovation drives economicgrowth, it is incumbent upon us to explore innovative mean of alter schooling and instruction. Education is no longer limited to our early yearsit is now a life-long pursuit and we need hot systems and tools to meetthis need. We ar s kittytily scratching the surface of technology?s potential totransform the way we learn.?I believe that technology drop improve student learning and exercise if usedcorrectly. It can help students to develop the knowledge and skills Rod Paige discusses.Understanding key math points is essential to being successful in our world. Technologycan put an image to a word problem, a 3-D shape to an equation, a solution to an?impossible? example. There are many things technology can do, a... ...ass notes and assignmentsso that when my students are sick they aren?t held behind. I feel that parent/teachercommunication is very important, because as a teacher, I cannot equal my students substructure and make sure they do their homew ork. But if a parent sees that their child?s gradesare suffering in the homework section or if they realize on the website there is a homeworkassignment, then they can make sure their child does his/her homework.Technology will help me as a teacher in the future and is helping teachers as theyteach now. As technology changes, hopefully I will be able to incorporate new types oftechnology into my classroom as needed. Students will also become better learners usingtechnology as it is beginning to be more and more coordinated into the classroom.Technology can have a very powerful positive effect on learning as well as teaching. Technology in the Classroom Essay -- Education School ComputersTechnology in the ClassroomTechnology is everywhere and used in every part of life. Practically every jobuses some form of technology. It is important for students to learn how to use technologyin order to function in this technology-based country. But it is also extremely important for students to learn using technology. Technology has the capability of opening allstudents eyes to a world of mathematics that they never before could have even began toimagine or understand.The U.S Department of Education is developing a plan, The National EducationTechnology Plan, to incorporate technology properly into the classroom. The goal of thisplan is to improve student learning and to prepare students for the world we live in today.The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, feels that?America?s prosperity in the 21st century rests largely upon the success ofour education system to equip citizens with the knowledge and skillsneeded to thrive in our global economy. As innovation drives economicgrowth, it is incumbent upon us to explore innovative means of improvinglearning and instruction. Education is no longer limited to our early yearsit is now a life-long pursuit and we need new systems and tools to meetthis need. We are barely scratching the surface of technology?s potent ial totransform the way we learn.?I believe that technology can improve student learning and achievement if usedcorrectly. It can help students to develop the knowledge and skills Rod Paige discusses.Understanding key math points is essential to being successful in our world. Technologycan put an image to a word problem, a 3-D shape to an equation, a solution to an?impossible? example. There are many things technology can do, a... ...ass notes and assignmentsso that when my students are sick they aren?t held behind. I feel that parent/teachercommunication is very important, because as a teacher, I cannot follow my studentshome and make sure they do their homework. But if a parent sees that their child?s gradesare suffering in the homework section or if they read on the website there is a homeworkassignment, then they can make sure their child does his/her homework.Technology will help me as a teacher in the future and is helping teachers as theyteach now. As technology changes, hop efully I will be able to incorporate new types oftechnology into my classroom as needed. Students will also become better learners usingtechnology as it is beginning to be more and more incorporated into the classroom.Technology can have a very powerful positive effect on learning as well as teaching.

Language Modes Essay

Language humanistic discipline is the term typically used by educators to describe the class ara that includes quaternity modes of voice communication listening, speaking, cultivation, and writing. Language humanistic discipline teaching constitutes a particularly important area in teacher education, since listening, speaking, reading, and writing permeate the curriculum they are meaty to learning and to the demonstration of learning in every content area. Teachers are charged with guiding students toward proficiency in these tetrad language modes, which can be compared and contrasted in several ways.Listening and speaking involve oral language and are often referred to as primary modes since they are acquired naturally in family and community environments before children come to school. Reading and writing, the written language modes, are acquired differently. Although children from literate environments often come to school with considerable knowledge about printed lang uage, reading and writing are widely considered to be the schools responsibility and are formally taught.A different way of grouping the language modes is consort to the processing involved in their use. Speaking and writing require constructing messages and conveying them to others through language. Thus they are expressive modes. Listening and reading, on the other hand, are more receptive modes they involve constructing meaning from messages that come from others language. (For those who are deaf, visual and spatial language modeswatching and signingreplace oral language modes.When unity considers how children learn and use language, however, all of these divisions become somewhat artificial. Whatever we label them, all modes involve communication and construction of meaning. In effective language arts teaching, several modes are usually used in each activity or set of related activities. For example, students in literature groups may read literature, prove it, and write about it in response journals. In 1976 Walter Loban published a study of the language growth of 338 students who were ob help oneselfd from kindergarten through grade twelve.He lay out positive correlations among the four language modes both in footing of how students break danceed competency in each, and of how well students ultimately used them. His study demonstrated the inter-relationships among the four language modes and influenced educators to address and more fully integrate all four of them in classrooms. Models of Language Arts argument Many changes in language arts commandment have taken place in American schools since 1980.To understand these changes, one must be conversant with the three basic models that have effrontery rise to variations in language arts curriculum over the years the heritage model, the competencies model, and the process or student-centered model. Each model constitutes a belief carcass about the structure and content of instruction that leads to c ertain instructional approaches and methods. The heritage model, for example, reflects the belief that the draw a bead on of language arts instruction is to transmit the values and traditions of the culture through the study of an agreed-upon body of literature.It also focuses on agreed-upon modes and genres of writing, to be mastered through spendd writing experiences. The competencies model, on the other hand, emanates from the belief that the chief purpose of language arts instruction is to produce mastery of a hierarchy of language-related skills (particularly in reading and writing) in the learner. This model advocates the teaching of these skills in a predetermine sequence, generally through use of basal readers and graded language arts textbooks in which the instructional activities reflect this orientation.The majority of adults in this country probably see elementary level language arts instruction that was based in the competencies model, followed by high school Englis h instruction that primarily reflected the heritage model. Instruction in both of these models depends heavily on the use of sequenced curricula, texts, and tests. The third model of language arts instruction, the process model, is quite different from the other two models.The curriculum is not determined by texts and tests rather, this model stresses the encouragement of language processes that lead to growth in the language competencies (both written and oral) of students, as well as word picture to broad content. The interests and needs of the students, along with the knowledge and interests of the teacher, determine the specific curriculum. Thus reading materials, writing genres and topics, and discussion activities pass on vary from classroom to classroom and nevertheless from student to student within a classroom.Authentic assessment is the rule in these classrooms, that is, assessment that grows from the real language work of the students rather than from formal tests. cl ear the process model leads to more flexible and varied curriculum and instruction than the other two models. While the heritage and competencies models have come under review for being too rigid and unresponsive to student differences, the process model has been criticized as too unstructured and inconsistent to dependably give all students able grounding in language content and skills.In actuality, teachers of language arts generally strive to help their students develop proficiency in language use, develop understanding of their own and other cultures, and experience and practice the processes of reading and writing. Thus it seems that the three models are not mutually exclusive. They do, however, reflect different priorities and emphases, and most teachers, schools, and/or school systems align beliefs and practices primarily with one or another model. Focus on OutcomesFrom a historical perspective, marked shifts in language arts instruction have taken place. In the early twent ieth century, textbooks and assigned readings, writing assignments, and tests came to dominate the language arts curriculum. Instruction was characterized by a great big money of analysis of language and texts, on the theory that practice in analyzing language and drill in correct forms would lead students to improved use of language and proficiency in reading, writing, and discourse.Instruction was entirely teacher-driven literature and writing topics were selected by the teacher spelling, grammar, and penmanship were taught as distinct subjects and writing was vigorously corrected but rarely really taught in the sense that composition is often taught today. In the 1980s a shift toward the process model emerged in the works of many language arts theorists and the published practices of some influential teachers including Donald Graves, Lucy M. Calkins, and Nancie Atwell.In 1987 the National Council of Teachers of English and the Modern Language Association sponsored a Coalition o f English Associations Conference. Educational leading from all levels came together at the conference to discuss past and present language arts teaching and to propose directions and goals to guide the teaching of language arts in the years leading up to and moving into the twenty-first century. The conference report specified the ideal outcomes of effective language arts instruction, in terms of the language knowledge, abilities, and attitudes of students.These outcomes were largely process oriented, as illustrated by the following examples of outcomes for students leaving the elementary grades, as reported by William Teale in Stories to Grow On (1989) * They will be readers and writers, one-on-ones who find pleasure and satisf bring through in reading and writing, and who mention those activities an important part of their everyday lives. * They will use language to understand themselves and others and make sense of their world.As a means of reflecting on their lives, they wil l engage in such activities as telling and hearing stories, reading novels and poetry, and keeping journals. Principles to guide curriculum development evolved from the conference participants agreed upon student outcomes, and, like the outcomes, the principles were broad and process-focused. For example, two of the original principles are Curriculum should evolve from a sound inquiry knowledge base and The language arts curriculum should be learner-centered.Elaborations on these and other curriculum goals deviated from earlier recommendations in that they included classroom-based ethnographic research, or action research, as well as traditional basic research in the knowledge base that informs the teaching of language arts. There was also agreement that textbooks serve best as resources for activities, but that the most effective language arts curricula are not text driven rather they are created by individual teachers for varying communities of students.

Quality Management Essay

What are harvesting, deliverance process and services? Indentify and explain one definition that you provide be using for this assignment. The comp some(prenominal) my chose is Burger King. Definition of product A product is tangible with a physical form. Its design is to fit into a specific blueprint defined by the customer of a objective market. It is produced through and through a manufacturing process with specification. The customers will evaluate products performance against its price while using it. A product has to be intentional for riding habit safely and environment friendly, as often one of the guiding principle.For example, the Burger Kings product, and some of history. When the predecessor of international fast food eatery chain Burger King (BK) first opened in 1953, its calling card predominantly consisted of hamburgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts. After being acquired by its Miami, Florida franchisees and renamed in 1954, BK began expa nding its menu by adding the Whopper sandwich in 1957, and has since added non-beef items such as chicken, fish, and vegetarian offerings, including salads and meatless sandwiches.Other additions include a breakfast menu and beverages such as Icees, juices, and bottled waters. As the company expanded both inside and outside the United States, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional stresss and cultural or religious beliefs. To generate additional sales, BK occasionally introduces limited-time offers of special versions of its products, or brings out completely new products intended for either long- or short-term sales. Burger king, in general, the main business is fast food, and taste delicious, can satisfy the needs of the customers.(Burger King Product, 2013) Deli very Process The delivery process usually involves six factors The accountable product/service provider and his product/service suppliers (e. g. the people) Equipment used to provide t he product/service (e. g. vehicles, cash registers, technical systems, computer systems) The physical facilities (e. g. buildings, parking, waiting rooms) The requesting product/service consumer Other customers at the delivery location Customer contact The service encounter is defined as all activities involved in the service delivery process.Some service managers use the term heartbeat of truth to indicate that defining point in a specific service encounter where interactions are most intense. Service is through a delivery process meeting and exceeding customers expectations. It consists of many back and front-stage activities where the customer interacts directly or indirectly with the service organization. The purpose of the interaction is To satisfy specific needs and wants of the customer, In a way that meets the customers expectations and gives value to him/her. Each customer contact is called a moment of truth.Customer is either satisfy or dissatisfy them when you contact t hem. For example, a massage shop provide massage services. The services they provide is intangible, and can stand by the customers to relax. In Burger King, there is also some services provided. For example, when customers order at the counter, the staff will serve the customers by providing them ordering services. When the food is not ready, the customers will get through a queue number and take a seat first. When the food is ready, the staff will deliver the food to their table. This is also another services. thusly in Burger King, although they are selling products, but they also provide certain services to add value to customers. 1. 2 Explain and illustrate, in the quality system, the processes of brushup and assurance. Quality assurance superintendence is defined as the assessment of characteristics with respect to defined standards in order to assure quality to the customers for any industry of business. every quality monitoring inspection process consists of the following steps Deciding the sample size of it The sample size for quality inspection is decided establish on thetotal spate size to be inspected and the criticality of the characteristics involved. International standards such as ISO 2859 help the inspector to decide the right sample size for the inspection. Selection of samples Once the sample size is decided, the next step is in the inspection process is selection of the samples. Based on this sample, a decision needs to be taken on the entire lot so it should be a true representative of the lot. To ensure this, the samples should be selected randomly. Measuring or test Once the samples have been selected randomly, these need to be measured and tested.Various standards are available which can be used depending upon the characteristics to be measured or tested. sometimes the customers may ask for the tests as per their procedures, which may be more stringent than the standards adopted by the organization. However, these terms and con ditions need to be agreed upon before go into into a contract with the customer. Examining Some characteristics only need to be visually examined or inspected. These characteristics may look easy but these are the ones, which may depart a point of controversy, since these are subjective in nature.For e. g. shade of the color. Again standards come to an inspectors rescue at this time. Moreover, measurement system analysis helps in removing any doubts on measurement, testing or examining. Comparing with specifications The results of measurement, test results, results of visual examination need to be then compared with the agreed specifications to decide if the goods or the services meets them the very purpose of a QA inspection. If the samples tested meet the specifications, the entire lot is accepted, otherwise it is rejected.Deciding on subsequent action Based on the quality inspection results and the comparison of the same with the specifications a decision on a lot is taken. The important point to be noted here is the kind of action initiated if the lot does not meet the specifications. If the manufacturer takes action only to dispose off the defect then the defect may reoccur in the next lot too. every last(predicate) this results in wastage of various resources. The right approach in such cases is to find the real reason or the root cause of the defect and then take corrective and preventive action to eliminate these causes and hence assure good quality.

Job Rotation Programs Essay

Job rotation programs ar very enriching but require much energy from both the smart set implementing the program as wholesome as the employees. Job rotation is the systematic movement of employees from contemplate to chore within an organization. Job rotation is a systematic career development dodge that moves employees laterally and offers customized assignments for specialized learnedness.Rotation assignment can run from six to eighteen months or longer. Employees who participate in job rotation programs develop a wide range of skills, and generally they are more adaptable to changes in jobs and careers and more engaged and satisfied with their jobs in comparison with puddleers who specialized in a single skill set or domain. (Fiester, 2008) Participating in a job rotation program helps to prevent stagnation and job monotony as well as the opportunity to explore alternative career options within the organization. I participated in Chryslers Management Trainee program and I was able to work in four distinct areas of the Procurement and Supply.As a buyer, I was able to implement just how everything comes together. I worked with engineers and sales teams and helped with speak to cutting measures. I moved into the position of transit supervisor and worked with the trucking industry. That allowed me to get close to the Just-in-Time side of the business and working with drivers, plant schedules and winter weather problems. I whence moved into the position of Supplier management and worked to help the suppliers with delivery issues. My last rotation was in the plant where I saw it all come together.In the plant, I actually saw the parts that I had ordered go onto the vehicle. I saw the process come full circle. My rotations allowed me to see how what I did as a buyer affected what happens in the plant. In the plant, I was constantly wondering why parts were being moved to Mexico. I understood the cost savings, but when you are waiting for a train to arriv e or a truck that is stuck at the border those decisions become quite a headache. bind in Relation to HRM Companies as a whole are looking for ways to not only bring in the best and the brightest, but they are also looking for ways to keep them.Job rotation programs allow companies to give employees options. If they can move around the company in a company sponsored program, they can see what sort of opportunities they like and would be best for their career aspirations. Recruiting can get expensive but it you can allow your employees the chance to see what their options are within the company, they are more likely to stay. A formalized rotation programs allows them to move around with looking like they are jumping from job to job. That does not look good.Sustaining interest in a single job is not always easy and could cause retention problems for companies. There is a wareside to job rotations. If the employees enter the job and dont have the skills necessary, then the work will often fall on the others within the department. Because there is a learning curve, and because the work has to get done, someone in the department will have to take up the slack and there may be some tube or push back. (Jusko, 2011)Conclusion I would have to say that after participating in the job rotation program at Chrysler, I was a much better at each and every job after that.When I was in a buying position, I was especially sure that I built in time to cross the border or as a delivery specialist, I discussed routing with suppliers. I would have to say that the most skillful time I spent was at the plant. Every decision made from the design of the vehicle to the location of the supplier effects what happens as the assembly plant. It would be my suggestion that every person that has something to do with the manufacturing of anything rotate through the plant and get a feel for what the decision you make may mean down the line.

Job Analysis Procedure

JOB ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 1. Develop preliminary crinkle information a. survey existing documents b. Prepare a preliminary list of duties c. Make note of major items that are unclear 2. Conduct interviews a. It is recommended that the first interview be conducted with psyche who can provide an overview of the hypothesise and how the major duties fit together b. The interviewers are considered subject matter experts c. The job incumbent to be interviewed should represent the typical employee who is conditioned about the job d.The interviewees should be selected with the view toward obtaining an appropriate race/sex mix 3. Consolidate job information a. The consolidated phase of the job theatre the involves piecing together the data obtained from several sources into one coherent and comprehensive job description b. A subject matter expert should be accessible as a resource person to the job analyst c. Check for initial preliminary lists of duties and questions. All must be answered or confirmed 4. Verify job description a. The verification phase involves bringing all the interviewees together b.The verification process is conducted in a group setting c. Line by line, the job analyst goes through the entire job description and makes notes of any omissions, ambiguities, or needed clarifications JOB CONTENT refers to the activities required of the job. One widely used method, structural JOB ANALYSIS (FJA), described jobs in terms of 1. What the worker does in relation to data, people, and jobs. 2. What methods and techniques the worker uses 3. What machines, tools, and equipment the worker uses 4. What materials, products, subject matter, or services the worker gain

Hidden Violence Essay

The word coterie-e reallyone knows what it means or what it stands for. Of course by the time children get to the end of their elementary years theyve comprehend of know battalions such as the Cribs, Bloods, Latin Kings, Vatos Locos, but none of those names cause as much fear and terror as the annulus called La Mara Salvatrucha aka MS-13. La Mara known for their psychotic methods of killing and running their turf, no opposite gang comes close to causing the same fear as La Mara Salvatrucha (ms-13gang.com). Forced to aban male parent their mansion land due to the polite war in El Salvador, the adventure to the U.S. was good at the activate but soon the odds turned against them. Therefore for their protection they were forced to start was today is known as the around dangerous gang of the innovation La Mara Salvatrucha ( issue Geographic).A simple face-off between El Salvadors goernment and guerrilla groups began the civil war of 1980 in El Salvador. The civil war killed 75,0 00 people and left-hand(a) 8,000 missing and another million or so homeless. The war was known for the governments massacres and its Death Squads killing of civilians, nuns and priests (bookrag.com). This led m whatsoever Salvadorians to search for a better life, many of whom came to America for their fresh beginning. A group of refugees in Pico Union, California had to get use to their new home, not knowing that by escaping the war in El Salvador they had alone jumped right into a new one against the LA street gangs. emigrate parents working endless sifts providing no parental supervision young Salvadorian children were being raised by the streets of LA. After being beaten, stabbed, and harassed by the rest of the LA street gangs, a group of refugees decided to form a strong hold or as it is called in Salvador, a Mara.They said, If these guys want violence well give them violence keep in mind that these refugees had a good knowledge of what violence was as well as having previou s military training (ms-13gang.com). hence came the day when they said enough is enough it is time to take a stand, and the infamous MS-13 was formed. Born in LA in the 1980s, expanding to parts of Canada, Spain, England, and Germany becoming large and dangerous day by day. La Mara can now be found in Washington D.C, Oregon, Alaska, Arkansas, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Oklahoma, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia, and Florida just alone in the United States. In Central America they can be found in El Salvador, Mexico, Guatemala and several other Latin countries.MS-13 is considered to be one of the to the highest degree dangerous and organized in the world (altereddimensions.net).There are 2 ways to get into the gang. For males one is to get jumped in, which means the new recruit is surround by numerous members and beaten for at least 13 seconds. The other way is by killing either an foe gang member or just a simple killing. For females there is a third option w hich is to get having sexual intercourse with several MS members or as they call it gang banged. MS-13 has many similar criminal characteristics as other gang such as smuggling drugs, people, and weapons. The biggest difference with MS-13 is the willingness to use brutality in all their activities (keysaferschools.com). entirely of the MS-13 activities were kept low-profile very well. Unlike many gang which us guns, knives, and ropes to hang their victims, La Mara Salvatrucha uses machetes, which have become their weapon of choice (ms-13gang.com). From the start gang members only wore white, gray, and blue colors mostly colors token from El Salvadors flag. Using a weapon such as the machete is bonny insane right? Well they went all out with this weapon not just slicing n dicing all their enemies but too just by smacking their brains out with the machetes. Lets get to the gang signs they throw up when representing their hood. Using one hand where they stick out the pinky find as w ell as the index finger letting the thumb cross over the other two fingers that are aged(a) into the palm. Another gang sign is using both hands having both index fingers and thumbs out, extending the two fingers between the index and the pinky half way out still cured also on both hands which leaves the pinky hidden on the side last thing is to join the pinky knuckles together also having the ring fingers touch.This powerful symbolism a fearing sight to experiences, both representing devil horns are yet another hint why these guys are considered to be, if not the most, at least one of the top dangerous gangs in the world (mahalo.com). Representing their hood is so important to them that they use their own faces to rep their hood. MS members tattooing them-self all over the form especially on the face, with signs such as, MS-13, 666, and X III in big letters and fonts too. All their tattoos are gothic which simply means something very dark spirited, members will most commonly have 666 tatted on their body (ms-13gang.com). Stacking, some call it a event of dance to gangs it is just another type of language used to tell the other gangs they are MS-13 and that this is their turf. Not only do they claim their territory and rep their hood, but also around non-members, police, and enemy gangs stacking is used as their secret code language.The reason that some people think of stacking being a type of dance is because basically it uses the whole body moving in a redeem following behind hand motions. Starting out in California, soon after their members were being deported back to their home countries right after El Salvadors civil war ended (altereddimensions.com). Police force in their native country not being accommodate to face off against MS-13s level of brutality had no way to control or restrain them, and MS-13 began to grow extremely all over El Salvador. Not wanting to attract too much police attention they decide to move to their neighboring country, Hondu ras. Honduras a very significant act of the MS-13s reign of terror along with a period filled with fear and anxiety for Hondurans. The Gang Slaughter of La Mara Salvatrucha on a sight with six children and twenty-two adults left a huge impact in the eyes of many. Suspected gang members armed with assault rifles cruelly sprayed a passenger vehicle full with holiday shoppers in the city of San Pedro Sula in Honduras.One of the suspected gang members was arrested in the same area just hours after the awful action found with two assault rifles, two pistols, and ammunition in his vehicle. Another two where found just 10 miles away from San Pedro Sula two days after (altereddimensions.net). Only these three arrested suspects were linked to MS-13. As for the rest of the sad people who joined in this satanic act are believed that they were termination through inanition for La Mara Salvatrucha. Yet again MS-13 attracting much attention from the Honduran authorities, they decided to move again but this time they dont move together they spread like crazy (ms-13gang.com). Then the world wide spread started from this point on, migrating back to the United States to rejoin their soldiers left behind, and spreading over Central America as well as in parts of Europe and Asia. Up until 2002 no police department had any solid information on La Mara Salvatrucha. Thats until a brave young lady Brenda Paz spoke out against the infamous MS-13 on a search for a new start (mahalo.com).At only 16 years of age Brenda wanted to take a stand and try to turn back what today is classified as an organized crime. At the time Brenda had just got paginate by the leader in her area which he knew nothing about. For to the highest degree six months she was under protection provided by the government but due to her pregnancy she left the area to get some air and have pioneer space. Just soon after in 2003 she was found dead in Virginia-she was six months pregnant. Her body was found under a bridge in Shenandoah County. Stabbed 13 times all over the body this is just another act of La Mara Salvatrucha to show they are for real (altereddimensions.net). Several MS-13 members have been impeach of the killing, Brenda who was helping authorities from at least six states investigate the gang was a great lost for the police force as well. In most case MS-13 members feel great pride when carrying out violent actions because to them its the crazier, most violent, and originally that gets them more respect with the gang, ranking up in other words.Imagine a little snow ball, what happens to the tiny thing when rolled around a few times? It grows tremendously right, yeah exactly correct. The more and more you roll it the bigger it gets. Thats how La Mara Salvatrucha started out as a simple little snow ball and look at it now, seems to me that it hasnt stopped rolling yet and never will. Their first enemy 18 street a Mexican gang in Cali, the LAPD, the FBI and many more couldnt stop them, what makes you think anyone can People just stay clear of the streets avoid crossing with gangs and If you hear of MS-13 near you just stay inside. MS-13 has no respect to anyone other than their own and will let their full fury out on anyone who crosses in their way.N.p. n.p., 1999. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. SparTech Software, 1998-2011. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .Logan, Samuel. N.p. n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .N.p. National Geographic Channel, 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2011. .

Forecasting at Hard Rock Cafe

For the following case View the Video Case for Chapter 3 for OMMyLab Bulletize the following (so that the case can be understood fully from your bullets and not have to read the case) Clearly articulate the question(s) you are closureing before providing you answer Quantitative Issue The manager is trying to evaluate how a new advertising campaign affects guest counts. Using data for the past 10 months (see the table) bugger off a least squares regression relationship and then forecast the expected guest count when advertising is $65,000. Provide the answer to your boss and then countenance the model as backup) Qualitative Issues 1. Describe three different forecasting actions at sound Rock. Name three other areas in which you think unmatchablerous Rock could use forecasting models. (Justify your choices) 2. What is the role of the POS system in forecasting at Hard Rock? 3. Justify the use of the weighting system employ for evaluating managers for annual bonuses. 4. Name seve ral variables besides those menti onenessd in the case that could be used as good predictors of daily sales in severally cafe.Provide backup using appropriate technology (Provide the spreadsheets as spreadsheets). Forecasting at Hard Rock Cafe With the growth of Hard Rock Cafefrom one pub in London in 1971 to more than 129 restaurants in more than 40 countries todaycame a corporate wide demand for better forecasting. Hard Rock uses long-range forecasting in clubting a capacity plan and intermediate-term forecasting for locking in contracts for leather goods (used in jackets) and for such nutriment items as beef, chicken, and pork barrel.Its short-term sales forecasts are conducted each month, by cafe, and then aggregated for a headquarters view. The heart of the sales forecasting system is the point-of-sale system (FOS), which, in effect, captures transaction data on nearly every person who walks through a cafes door. The sale of each debut represents one customer the entree s ales data are transmitted daily to the Orlando corporate headquarters database. There, the financial team, headed by Todd Lindsey, begins the forecast process.Lindsey forecasts monthly guest counts, retail sales, banquet sales, and plan sales (if applicable) at each cafe. The general managers of individual cafes tap into the same database to prepare a daily forecast for their sites. A cafe manager pulls up prior years sales for that day, adding information from the local Chamber of Commerce or Tourist Board on upcoming events such as a major convention, sporting event, or concert in the city where the cafe is located. The daily forecast is further broken into hourly sales, which drives employee scheduling.An hourly forecast of $5,500 in sales translates into 19 workstations, which are further broken down into a specific number of wait staff, hosts, bartenders, and kitchen staff. Computerized scheduling software plugs in people based on their availability. Variances between forecas t and actual sales are then examined to see why errors occurred. Hard Rock doesnt limit its use of forecasting tools to sales. To evaluate managers and set bonuses, a 3-year weighted moving average is applied to cafe sales. If cafe general managers exceed their targets, a bonus is computed.Todd Lindsey, at corporate headquarters, applies weights of 40% to the near recent years sales, 40% to the year before, and 20% to sales 2 years ago in reaching his moving average. An even more sophisticated application of statistics is found in Hard Rocks menu planning. Using multiple regression, managers can compute the impact on demand of other menu items if the price of one item is changed. For example, if the price of a cheeseburger increases from $7. 99 to $8. 99, Hard Rock can predict the effect this will have on sales of chicken sandwiches, pork sandwiches, and salads.Managers do the same analysis on menu placement, with the center section driving higher sales volumes. When an item such a s a burger is moved off the center to one of the side flaps, the corresponding effect on related items, say french fries, is determined. Hard Rocks capital of the Russian Federation Cafe Data Month 12345678910 Guest count 21 24 27 32 29 37 43 43 54 66 (in thousands) Advertising 14 17 25 25 35 35 45 50 60 60 (in $ thousand)

Financial Performance of Dell Incorporation

The net profit derived from every $100 of sales revenue of dingle internalization is lower than that of Hewlett Packard Company. This implies that dell Incorpo dimensionn charges either a lower selling price or that the company is less efficient in its operations. However, the return on assets and return on equity of Dell incorporation are far violate than those of the other(a) secure. The return on equity computer under the DuPont Analysis is likewise in favor of Dell incorporation, whose ratio exceeds that of Hewlett Packard Company by 8%.A high percentage in such financial ratios is always desirable, namely return on assets because it implies that the profitability of the company is considerably safe from unseen changes in the external business environment, like new competitive measures, economic slowdown and more With respect to the utilization of the firms fixed assets, Dell Incorporation holds supremacy on such facet when compared with Hewlett Packard Company. The skill in generating sales from the fixed assets was outstanding for Dell Incorporation in comparison to the other corporation.A sound growth of 27. 18% is also noted in the earnings estimate of the company. This sheds further positive light on Dell Incorporation financial performance. 1. 1 Financial Position of Dell Incorporation The ability of the current assets and most liquid asset to cover the current liabilities is also in favor of Dell Incorporation. This is due to a higher current and quick ratio for such company. Dell Incorporation also portrays a better working capital management both in terms of accounts receivable and inventory.This is due to a higher receivable and inventory disorder. A high receivables turnover ratio indicates that the ability of the company to attain the cash receipts from debtors is good either by effective credit control policies or appropriate guardianship of cash sales. A high inventory turnover shows a good capability in selling inventory. 1. 2 Financ ial Stability of Dell Incorporation The percentage of total assets financed through debt is lower for Dell Incorporation than the other company as shown by the total debt to total assets ratio.This is a positive grammatical constituent for the financial stability of the organization. In addition, the gearing of Dell Incorporation is lower as indicated by the debt to equity ratio. Lower debt is normally a desirable section because debt finance encompasses higher financial commitments and thus holds greater risk. In practice, normally a debt crisis occurs when an organization fails to pay the interest due on time. Shareholders can take care one year or two without dividends but debt holds do not.Indeed in such instances firms normally face high risk of bankruptcy. The lower debt finance of Dell Incorporation thus mitigates the low interest coverage when compared to the other firm. This ratio evaluates the corporations stability in terms of profits generated by the firm and not its capital structure as performed by the gearing ratio. High interest coverage is normally desirable for high-geared companies. Further more, the leverage of Dell Incorporation is better than the other firm thus further highlighting a sound financial stability.1. 3 Concluding Remark Investment Decision on Dell Incorporation A good financial health has been noted for Dell Incorporation both in terms of profitability, liquidity and stability when compared with the other company. Indeed supremacy was noted in some areas, such as working capital management. In this respect, it is advisable to buy more stock in the company, since positive prospects are envisaged if the firm will continue to be managed with the same pace.

Benefits and cost

cost would be Just the opposite of several of these, but would also include lack of a trade good warranty, or not being able to find a place that can service the time-piece. top of the inning Reasons You Want A Nice Watch, A. Adams, 2011 . ) A weight loss diet can emanation self- esteem, energy levels, desirability to those you wish to attract. Good health, though. Is the greatest benefit of a weight loss diet. cost could be the difficulty level of being able to stick with the diet. Losing weight improperly can have health issues if the weight loss diet you have to offer is unhealthy this can be a cost. High prices of weight loss can be prohibitive. (Lose Weight, Gain Tons of Benefits, K. Zealand, n. D. ) Things that could be dear to a cruise would be location.Everyone likes to go to beautiful places. Nice accommodation and service areas on mount the ship are a must. Other important things can be safety, atmosphere, variety of activities, and areas to relax. Costs could be the expensiveness of the cruise, sea sickness, and boredom. (The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel, A. Powers, 2012) For a new checking account at a bank, the benefits could be soothe of deposits, such as online deposits by way of device APS. Being able to cancel checks easily Is Important. The accessibility of accessing your cash easily Is very Important.Free standard atmosphere and debit cards, and the availability of paperless electronic statements can also be beneficial. Costs would include high bounced check fees, annual account fees, and the fact that many businesses are touching away from even accepting checks. (Seven Questions to Ask out front Opening a Bank bank bill, G. Dwellers, 2013) Ariel Adams, (2011). Top Reasons You Want A Nice Watch. A Blob to Watch. Retrieved July 14, 2014, blowtorch. Com http//www. blowtorch. Com/top-reasons-you- want-a-nice-expensive-watch/ Kathleen M. Zealand, (n. D. ). Lose Weight, Gain Tons of Benefits.Web MD. Retrieved July 14, 2014, WebMD. Co m http//www. WebMD. Com/ take/features/lose-wealth-gal.- tons-of-benefits India Powers, (2012). The Pros and Cons of Cruise Travel. Apartment Therapy. Retrieved July 14, 2014, parenthetically. Com http//www. parenthetically. Com/ the-pros-and-cons-of-cruise-travel-192288 Gerri Dwellers, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Retrieved July 14, 2014, credit. Com http//www. credit. Com/personal-Flanagan- questions-to-ask-before-opening-bank-account/ Benefits and cost By wheelhouses ay of device APS.Being able to cancel checks easily is important. The availability of accessing your cash easily is very important. Free ATM and debit cards, and the Before Opening a Bank Account, G. Detailer, 2013) July 14, 2014, WebMD. Com http//www. WebMD. Com/diet/features/lose-weight-gain- the-pros-and-cons-of-cruise-travel-192288 Gerri Detailer, (2013). Seven Questions to Ask Before Opening a Bank Account. Credit. Retrieved July 14, 2014, credit. Com http//www. Credit. C om/personal-Flanagan- questions-to-ask-before-opening-bank-account/

College Expectation Essay

I felt scared near moving to college, university or away from home for the first time. From a small community in the state to a city with a population of less than 2 million, everything changed. I came to college and had no idea what to expect. When I entered the school I have chosen, it seemed like I was in a new world with pot I do not know. I walked around the campus and felt like I was this lost fiddling freshman.FEU was not my 1st choice actually. I just had no choice. But my tito said, it is not which school that matters, it is in you if you will study hard enough to reach your goals in life. He was right, so I call for to love the school I am destined to study at. College life is completely different from blue school. I expected it to be harder. Well, my expectation was right. Everything is harder. My first semester here at college, I can aver was a wake-up call.I had to learn to be very independent. I have never known what it was like to be that independent before. I have learned that I am capable of a hand out of things that I never thought I was back then. My expectations for attending college To get a good raising that will help me to get my dream job. To learn to be independent and to live on my own. To come over new people. To be able to take care of myself.

Finance reviewer – midterm

Types of Market 1 . Physical asset grocery stores (also called transp atomic number 18nt or real asset markets) vs. Financial asset markets Physical asset markers are for products such as wheat, autos, real estate etc. Financial asset market deals with stocks, bonds, notes and mortgages. 2. brand Market vs. Future Markets Spot markets are markets in which assets are bought or sold on the spot. Future Markets are markets in which participants match today to buy or sell an asset at some future date. 3.Money markets vs. Capital market Money markets are short term, highly liquid debt securities. Capital markets are for Intermediate or pine term debt and corporate stocks. 4. Primary markets vs. secondary markets primary are which corporate raise new capital. Secondary, which securities and different financial assets are traded among vectors after they have been issued by corporations. 5. Private vs. Public Markets Private Markets, which transactions are worked out directly betw een 2 parties. Public Markets, which standardized contracts are traded on organized exchanges. heavy(p) MARKET Capital Markets A component of financial markets where long-term borrowing takes place Are arrests for buy and selling equity and debt instruments The Market where investment instruments like bonds and equities are traded (Maturity period) Lasts for more than 1 year and john also include life-time of a company New York Stock Exchange or NYSE is the virtually popular capital market It channel savings and Investments between suppliers of capital (such as retail Investors and institutional Investors) and users of capital (Like business, government and Individuals) Suppliers of Capital Markets.

Health of Indigenous Peoples Essay

This essay seeks to demonstrate that whilst indigenous wellness polity whitethorn get been on the Australian public policy agenda since the1960s, the gap mingled with original and non- natural wellness has remained. A brief description of the lives of endemic Australians antecedent to the colonisation of Australia is given, followed by a description of various policies that keep up been introduced by the Australian government to combat these inequalities. This essay demonst grade why these policies have been infair to middling, in turn highlighting why the incorporation of autochthonal fellowship in creating autochthonic health policies is important.This essay stodgys with a brief examination of the Closing the Gap policy, which is utilising the knowledge of endemic Australians in creating culturally sensitive natural health policies. In conclusion, this essay demonstrates that by including innate Australians in the policymaking process, we might be starting to clos e the gap. The health inequality of Indigenous Australians has spacious been a concern for Australia and the world. Whilst the overall health of Australia has continued to improve, the health of Indigenous Australians remains at levels below those of non-indigenous Australians.Whilst it whitethorn seem that thither is a lot being done to point of reference these effects, the statistics demonstrate that policies utilise to address these issues have not been sound (Australian Indigenous wellnessInfoNet 2010 Australian Institute of Health and Welf be 2010, p. 29). The thesis of this essay is that whilst the government has been seen as attempting to address the issues of health inequalities of Indigenous Australians, it is only in new-fangled times that the government has implemented programs that are bothplace near close to closing the gap betwixt Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.To demonstrate this thesis, this essay ordain first discuss the history of Indigenous he alth prior to colonisation. This provide be done to highlight how Indigenous health has declined dramatically since colonisation. This essay will then discuss what the government has been doing since the 1967 referendum, in which Indigenous Australians were officially recognised in the Constitution, to address issues of health inequalities (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet 2010). In the next section, a discussion on the formers why on that point is a large gap between Indigenous and non-indigenous health will occur.This will be followed by a discussion on the utilisation of Indigenous knowledge to provide adequate health run. This essay will finally discuss the current Closing The Gap policy (Australian humane Rights instruction 2011), which has been introduced to address issues that previous policies have failed to. This will be done to highlight the fact that whilst it may seem that as the Indigenous people require the knowledge and assistance of its non-indigenous coun ter parts, what is evident is that health of Indigenous populations has in fact declined since the colonisation of Australia.Failing to recognise the correlation between colonisation and declining health of Indigenous people, will only see a continuation of the problem rather than seeing a positive change. Whilst the information pertaining to the health of Indigenous Australians prior to colonisation in 1788 appears to be scarce, what is known is that Indigenous health has been on the decline since the arrival of European settlers. Indigenous Australians were considered to be healthier than those of their colonisers (Flood 2006, p. 120).Prior to colonisation, there was no contact with the outside world and therefore infectious diseases were minimal. Due to the introduction of new illnesses from colonisation, the population of Indigenous Australians declined (Carson 2007, p. 43). It was as well common for Indigenous women to contract sexual diseases from the often non-consensual con tact with the colonisers (Carson 2007, p. 44).Health was in addition impacted upon by change in diet. Prior to colonisation, Indigenous Australians maintained a diet of protein and veget adapteds cod to the animals and plants available to them (Flood 2006, p.120), as well as the exercise they maintained from hunting and gathering (Flood 2006, p. 122).After colonisation, the Indigenous diet include many a(prenominal) foods which saw an increase in obesity, diabetes and heart disease (ODea 1991, p. 233). It was not merely the introduction of disease and change in die that impacted upon Indigenous Australians health. Anthropological studies surrounding Indigenous goal have shown that Indigenous populations have close ties to the subvert, as the basis is incorporated into their sense of being.Pieces of land belonged to particular groups of individuals, and the objects from the natural landscape were considered to be part of their history (Carson 2007, p. 180). It was the bereave ment of colonisers to understand this worldview that has modifyd to the deterioration of affable health amongst Indigenous Australians, as they were forced off their lands and into settlements and reserves (Carson 2007, p. 49). This contributed to the feeling of being disconnected from land and family, exacerbating feelings of not be longing, lack of identity and low self-esteem (Ypinazar et al.2007,p. 474).As one give notice see, the issue of health amongst Indigenous Australians is a complex one, complicated by the differing world views of Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. It is out-of-pocket to this lack of understanding that has resulted in a myriad of health policies that have attempted to address the issue of health inequality of Indigenous Australians. The first health policy to address the health issues of Indigenous Australians was implemented in 1968, with thirty five adjustments made between then and 2006.Without going into the details of ein truth amendment or new policy, what was common throughout this timeline, was that there were various bodies and institutions created to address the issues that had not been adequately intercommunicate previously, responsibilities were allocated by the government to the states and territories, and programs were implemented to address health issues. Change in governments also meant that policies were constantly changing, which meant that the ways in which health issues were seen and therefore addressed also changed (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet 2010).When attempting to implement a policy that will adequately address the issue, what has been found is that comparative analysis has been used to de terminationine how health issues have been addressed in other countries. Whilst this kind of analysis may be sufficient in some circumstances, it does not suit such a situation where our Indigenous populations culture and worldview is unlike that of any other. For example, whilst health issues may be similar to those of Indigenous populations elsewhere, worldviews which impact upon health and wellbeing will neuter and may not be able to be applied from one culture to another (Tsey et al.2003, p. 36). maven event that highlights the differing views on how issues should be addressed, was the closing down of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) by the John Howard Government in 2004 (Australian Indigenous Health InfoNet2010). What was signifi tail endt slightly this was that Indigenous health policy had been the responsibility of ATSIC. This action effectively removed the responsibility of Indigenous health from the Indigenous people and displace the responsibility with mainstream departments that were also responsible for non-indigenous health.By doing this, the government had wound back many years of sketch to address the health inequalities of Indigenous Australians, perceiving Indigenous Australians as a culture that could not look after(prenominal) the mselves and needed instead the knowledge and expertise of the superior colonialists (Kay & Perrin 2007, p. 19). By removing the responsibility of Indigenous health from ATSIC and placing it in the hands of a body that was also responsible for non-indigenous health, the government failed to understand the intricacies of Indigenous Australian culture and the implications that this kind of action can have on Indigenous health.Whilst the overall health of Australians is amongst the top trey of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010, p. 8). on that point is a clear diversity between Indigenous and non-indigenous health, when one considers that even in this day and age of modern medicine, Indigenous Australians are expected to live twelve years less than their non-indigenous counterparts for males, and ten years less for females (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010, p. 29).So what are considere d to be the reasons for this inequality? What has already been highlighted, is that Indigenous health has suffered from the introduction to changes in diet, introduction of diseases both airborne and venereal, and the impact upon mental health due to dispossession of land and outrage of kinship. Mental health issues can also be connected to the economic and social disadvantage of many Indigenous individuals, which can lead to substance abuse and other issues (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010, p. 33).The failure to adequately address mental health issues has resulted in deaths by suicide being the second biggest reason for deaths by injury (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2010, p. 30). These figures demonstrate that policies have clearly not been working. A salient point to note is that Indigenous Australians are the least likely group of the whole population, to devil important health operate. So what are the reasons behind this lack of assenting to ser vices? It can be as simple as the kind of service that an individual receives. From personal experience of serving Indigenous customers, tone of voice can be misinterpreted.What may be considered polite in most circumstances, can be misconstrued as being conceited by others. Use of language can also be a barrier. For example, (again from personal experience), language has to be altered to manoeuvre these barriers, such as replacing the term bank account with the word kitty. Other barriers may include the fact that in removed communities, health professionals may also be the town judge, which may deter Indigenous people from accessing the services from a person who might have also been responsible for sentencing an individual or a outgrowth of their family (Paul 1998, p.67).Barriers such as the remote locations of individuals in comparison to the services, and the cost of services also have to be taken into account. For example, if a service is some distance aside from an individu al, the cost of travelling may be too high. The cost of services close by may also be too high-priced for individuals, or individuals may receive poor treatment due to either being turned away from services, or mistreatment due to racialist beliefs. This may result in individuals travelling long distances due to this very mistreatment in their own communities (Paul 1998, pp.67-68).The misconception that all Indigenous Australians are one group of people can also result in culturally inadequate services, deterring individuals from accessing important health services (Paul 1998, p. 68). This lack of understanding about Indigenous cultures when providing health services has resulted in a rise in the provision of health services that are either run by Indigenous individuals, or have been created in consultation with Indigenous individuals, to ensure that the services being provided are culturally adequate.An example that highlights this can be seen in the origination of a program in 1 998in the Northern Territory that was attempting to address the health inequalities of Indigenous children (Campbell et al 2005, p. 153). There were many problems with this plan because the people that were overseeing the programme did not have cultural knowledge that was a doer in the health and wellbeing of the children. What resulted was a program which was implemented in an Indigenous remote community, which apply the knowledge of Indigenous people from the community itself.This allowed for the programme to be altered when issues were addressed and individuals within the community were able to provide solutions to issues, rather than being told what was going to happen by an outside authority (Campbell etal. 2005, p. 155). Whilst this programme realised that a bottom-up approach was more(prenominal) beneficial than a top-down one which usually occurs in policy implementation, there were issues because the programme also involved people from the outside that were there to b ear off the programme, who were unwilling to give total simplicity to the community, generating feelings of disempowerment, resentment and marginalisation (Campbell et al. 2005, p. 156).Whilst there are many examples of programs that have been implemented to address the health inequalities of Indigenous Australians, one that deserves mentioning because of success that it has had are the mens groups in Yaba Bimbie and MaDdaimba Balas (McCalman et al. 2010, p. 160).What was found was that these programs were successful because they were run by Indigenous men who had direct knowledge of the cultural issues and needs of the community as they also lived there. They were also successful because the men felt included in their communities by having control, rather than being controlled by an outside source. Due to these mens groups, individuals were able to come together and share their concerns about their community, and as the others also were from the same community, they were able to c ontribute to solutions to the problems by feeling able to speak freely about their concerns. adept such concern was anger charge issues, which were exacerbated by the social issues that the individuals faced (McCalman et al. 2010, p. 163). Whilst, issues like this may seem to be separate, they in fact contribute to other areas, as has been mentioned earlier in regards to mental health and suicide, which flow on to other members of the community, when there may be no one in the family who is able to earn an income, which contributes to poverty. This may in turn, give in an individual unable to access services as previously mentioned.As one can see, when individuals who are directly impacted by issues, are included in finding solutions to address these issues, there is more success than when they are not included. It is the understanding of this that has seen the implementation of the Close The Gap policy (Australian Human Rights Commission 2011). This policy is based on the understa nding that the concept of health is different in the eyes of Indigenous Australians than that of non-Indigenous Australians (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare2009).This policy has sought to reduce the gap of inequality between Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians by reducing the gap in life expectancy by 2031, halving mortality rates of children by2018, ensuring equal access to early childhood education by 2013, halving the gap in the area of inability to read and print by 2018, halving the gap of individuals who attain their Year 12 education by 2020 and halving the gap of unemployment rates by 2018 (Gillard2011, p. 2).Various programmes have been implemented to address these issues, with a common theme of inclusion. That is, the programs all involve Indigenous Australians who have a die cultural understanding than non-indigenous Australians. This has allowed for individuals to work with their own communities, various levels of government, non-government organisatio ns and businesses (Gillard 2011, p. 6).By doing so, it has provided individuals with a sense of control and purpose over their own lives, which has seen a decrease in the mortality rates of Indigenous Australians (Gillard2011, p. 12), as well as a reduction in the rates of reading and piece of music problems (Gillard 2011, p. 14). There has also been a significant increase in the numbers of Indigenous Australians aiming towards their Year 12 qualifications (Gillard 2011, p. 16), as well as a decrease in the number of unemployed in the Indigenous population (Gillard 2011, p. 17).Whilst these figures are promising, one has to look at some of the programs that have been implemented as a result of this policy, to see if lessons have been learned from past mistakes, or if similar mistakes are being made. One such program that is deemed to be addressing issues of inequality is the Welfare Payment Reform act, which allowed the government to withhold portions of eudaimonia payments (Gruen stein 2008, p. 468). This was to ensure that portions of the payment were going to required living expenses before going to things such as alcohol.Whilst this may seem as though it is an important step in addressing issues within communities, what is important to note is that policies such as these are in direct violation of the Racial Discrimination Convention because they directly bearing Indigenous individuals solely because they are Indigenous and are not necessarily in need of discourse (Gruenstein, 2008, p. 469). Whilst the Closing the Gap policy has good intentions, it can result in actions that treat Indigenous Australians as a homogenous group, rather than recognising the variation of issues.In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that Australia has come a long way in addressing the issues of inequality amongst Indigenous Australians. It has been demonstrated that Indigenous Australians were in good health prior to colonisation, and only since colonisation has the heal th of Indigenous Australians has declined. This essay has also shown that the different governments have varied between allowing Indigenous Australians self-determination, or be included in the process of policy making, to the government seizing control of the issues, excluding the Indigenous community from decision making.Whilst it has been shown that the government has been addressing issues for well over 40 years, it has only been in recent times that issues of inequality have begun to be adequately addressed. By understanding that it is Indigenous Australians who are better able to understand their issues, which stem from the actions of non-indigenous peoples and allowing Indigenous Australians to take control of their own lives, will we start to close the gap of health inequality between Indigenous and non-indigenous Australians.